Let's learn about the feed transmission of CNC machine tool What are the features of the system?

From the transmission system—the mechanical transmission of ordinary machine tools, there are generally the following types.

1. Belt drive: remove the synchronous toothed belt through friction drive, simple structure, easy to manufacture, low cost, slip during overload, can play overload protection effect. The disadvantage of belt drive is that there is slippage and cannot be used when the correct gear ratio is required. Application example: The main motor drives the spindle of a lathe.

2. Gear transmission: simple and compact structure, can transmit large torque, can adapt to changes in speed and load, and is more widely used. The disadvantage is that the line speed cannot be too high. Gear transmission is one of the most widely used transmission methods in machine tools at present. An example of application is the application of a high-torque spindle transmission mechanism.

3. Worm gear: The worm is the active part, which transmits its rotation to the worm gear. This transmission method can only make the worm wheel rotate, and vice versa is impossible. Application example: table rotation mechanism of horizontal milling machine.

4. Rack and pinion: The gear rotates, and the rack moves linearly accordingly. Application example: feed shaft drive of large gantry crane

5. Screw transmission: a mechanical transmission that transmits power and motion by the meshing of the screw and the nut. Mainly used to convert rotary motion to linear motion and torque to thrust. Application example: screwdriver, ordinary car is used for car screws.

There are also polished rods and the like. Also, don't press the clock for the hydraulic drive of the grinder for now.

The transmission pairs of commonly used CNC machine tools include the above five transmission pairs that have been precipitated for a long time. With the advancement of science and technology, CNC machine tools began to pursue high speed, high precision and high rigidity, and advanced transmission pairs were born.

1. Spindle: Due to the appearance of the spindle, the main drive system of the high-speed CNC machine tool cancels the pulley drive and gear drive. The main shaft of the machine tool is directly driven by the embedded motor, which shortens the length of the main transmission chain of the machine tool to zero, and realizes the "zero transmission" of the machine tool.

2. Linear motor: It is a mechanical energy that directly converts electrical energy into linear motion, and does not require a transmission device for an intermediate conversion mechanism. This can be seen as a rotating electrical machine cut radially, unfolding into a flat surface. Now, rotary tables, including some horizontal machining centers, are also directly driven by motors.

3. Elastic Coupling: This is more traditional, the elastic coupling adopts a parallel or helical slotting system to adapt to various deviations and transmit torque correctly. Flexible couplings usually have good performance and are more favorable in price. In the practical application of many stepping and servo systems, flexible couplings are products. Through the one-piece design, the flexible coupling transmits torque smoothly.

4. Roller cam mechanism: The cam separator is a mechanism that realizes intermittent motion, with high indexing accuracy, stable operation, large transmission torque, and automatic positioning during positioning. Lock, compact structure, small size, low noise, good high-speed performance, long life and other significant applications and the exchange or exchange mechanism of the table From the above products, it can be seen that the current transmission system has good high-speed, high-precision, low-friction , Small gap.

Most of the ordinary machine tools are mechanically driven by gear boxes and belts, and the machine tool accuracy of gear meshing and belt drive is the same as CNC machine tools are not very different, requiring precision to require manufacturing precision.

The above describes the characteristics of the feed transmission system of CNC machine tools. The CNC advantage of machining parts is that after clamping the parts, it is actually formulated during processing. standard. A part of a car on a lathe may need to replace several edges, but the position error of each edge and the other edges will cause machining errors. The measurement is carried out every time the blade is replaced. If there is measurement, there will be errors, and the cumulative error is actually very large.